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  • Title: [Pregnancy and labor in young girls].
    Author: Porozhanova V, Bozhinova S.
    Journal: Akush Ginekol (Sofiia); 1994; 33(3):5-7. PubMed ID: 7793532.
    Abstract:
    The premature sexual contacts in adolescence are the most important factor for the high rate of teenage pregnancies. The authors were observed 528 pregnancies in adolescent girls (aged 13-17 years) and 100 mothers at their 20-24 years, as a control group. There were significant differences between the education level, ethnic origin and professional status in our populations. We founded in adolescent group anaemia in 13.64%, an overweight in 6.44% and preeclampsia-eclampsia in 3.22%. The rate of premature delivery was higher (17.99%), caesarean section were performed in 5.44% and instrumental extraction was practiced in 1.70% of adolescent girls. Despite an pregnancy and delivery with a normal evolution, the mother-fetal prognoses were complicated from the hard psychoemotional, social and economical problems about these young mothers. 528 pregnancies of primiparous girls 13-17 years old who gave birth during 1988-90 at the obstetrical ward of the city of Pleven, Bulgaria, were evaluated. The pregnancy outcome and neonatal results were compared with those of 100 controls. These 528 births amounted to 5.48% of a total of 9635 births at the clinic. These girls were of low socioeconomic status, 14.2% were illiterate or had low educational attainment, and 56.42% were of Gypsy origin, without skills, and from rural areas. Only 32.89% of the Bulgarian girls had an official marriage license. Anemia was found in 13.64%, kidney infection (without symptoms of bacteriuria, pyelonephritis) in 6.44%, preeclampsia in 2.46%, and eclampsia in 0.76%. The most frequent occurrence was premature rupture of the membrane (9.85%). Term deliveries numbered 433 and preterm deliveries 95. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to term and preterm deliveries (p 0.01). Dystocia amounted to 2.8% and instrumental delivery to 1.70% among these adolescent girls. The rate of premature delivery reached 17.99%, and cesarean section was performed in 5.44%. There was a significant difference between the two groups with respect to vaginal delivery (p 0.01) and cesarean section (p 0.01). 44% of 16-year old girls underwent cesarean section; and there was a significant difference in the rate of cesarean section between 14-year-old and 17-year-old girls (p 0.05) as well as between 16-year-old and 17-year-old girls (p 0.01). 71.95% of newborns had a birth weight of less than 3000 g. There was also a significant difference between the groups with regard to term and prematurely born neonates (p or = 0.01). Intrauterine growth retardation reached 2.46% because of the inadequate uterine size of girls 13-14 years old, insufficient weight gain during pregnancy (under 9 kg), and complications (preeclampsia and eclampsia). The rate of stillbirths was 7.63%, attributed to prematurity and malformation of the fetus. Maternal mortality reached 1.89% owing to pregnancy complications (eclampsia) among 17-year old girls because of low socioeconomic status and complete lack of prenatal care.
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