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  • Title: Parenteral influenza vaccination induces a rapid systemic and local immune response.
    Author: Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Olofsson J, Jonsson R, Haaheim LR.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 1995 Jan; 171(1):198-203. PubMed ID: 7798664.
    Abstract:
    The kinetics of the local immune response in the upper respiratory tract to parenterally administered inactivated split trivalent influenza vaccine were examined in 19 healthy subjects. Influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) could be detected as early as 2 days after vaccination in peripheral blood and tonsils, with a peak at approximately 1 week after vaccination and a decline to insignificant levels after 6 weeks. Circulating ASC produced IgG, IgA, and IgM, whereas ASC in tonsils produced mainly IgA and IgM. Influenza virus-specific antibodies were predominantly IgG and IgM in serum and IgA in oral fluid; they rose after 1 week and were elevated at 6 weeks. This may indicate a secretory involvement of the anti-influenza virus response in the upper respiratory tract. Parenteral influenza vaccination induced an immediate and significant immune response in both the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood.
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