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  • Title: A variable microwave array attenuator for use with single-element waveguide applicators.
    Author: Sherar MD, Clark H, Cooper B, Kumaradas J, Liu FF.
    Journal: Int J Hyperthermia; 1994; 10(5):723-31. PubMed ID: 7806927.
    Abstract:
    The effectiveness of hyperthermia treatments is often limited by temperature inhomogeneity that arises in the treatment field due to variable tissue properties and blood flow. Moreover, blood flow can change during a treatment, leading to the formation of hot and cool areas even if the initial temperature distribution is uniform. A variable microwave array attenuator has been constructed, that will enable the field patterns of single element microwave waveguide hyperthermia applicators to be altered during treatment, to improve temperature homogeneity. The coupling bolus was designed with an array of individually controlled elements, each filled with a microwave absorbing saline solution. Additions or withdrawals of saline are made to alter the power deposition in a specific area of the treatment field. Thermographic measurements were made in muscle equivalent phantom materials, with the bolus/waveguide assembly. Results showed that the variable array attenuator was able to significantly alter the heating pattern of a large waveguide applicator.
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