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  • Title: [Endocrine stress reaction, hemodynamics and recovery in total intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. Propofol versus isoflurane].
    Author: Adams HA, Schmitz CS, Baltes-Götz B.
    Journal: Anaesthesist; 1994 Nov; 43(11):730-7. PubMed ID: 7840401.
    Abstract:
    This prospective, randomised study compared total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and inhalation anaesthesia with respect to endocrine stress response, haemodynamic reactions, and recovery. METHODS. The investigation included two groups of 20 ASA I-II patients 18-60 years of age scheduled for orthopaedic surgery. For premedication of both groups, 0.1 mg/kg midazolam was injected IM. Patients in the propofol group received TIVA (CPPV, PEEP 5 mbar, air with oxygen FiO2 33%) with propofol (2 mg/kg for induction followed by an infusion of 12-6 mg/kg.h) and fentanyl (0.1 mg before intubation, total dose 0.005 mg/kg before surgery, repetition doses 0.1 mg). For induction of patients in the isoflurane-group, 5 mg/kg thiopentone and 0.1 mg fentanyl was administered. Inhalation anaesthesia was maintained with 1.2-2.4 vol.% isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen at a ratio of 2:1 (CPPV, PEEP 5 mbar). For intubation of both groups, 2 mg vecuronium and 1.5 mg/kg suxamethonium were injected, followed by a total dose of 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. Blood samples were taken through a central venous line at eight time points from before induction until 60 min after extubation for analysis of adrenaline, noradrenaline (by HPLC/ECD), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (by RIA). In addition, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and recovery from anaesthesia were observed. RESULTS. Group mean values are reported; biometric data from both collectives were comparable (Table 1). Plasma levels of adrenaline (52 vs. 79 pg/ml), noradrenaline 146 vs. 217 pg/ml), and cortisol (82 vs. 165 ng/ml) were significantly lower in the propofol group (Table 2, Figs. 1 and 3). Plasma levels of ADH (4.8 vs. 6.1 pg/ml) and ACTH (20 vs. 28 pg/ml) did not differ between the groups (Table 2, Figs 2 and 3). SAP (128 vs. 131 mmHg) was comparable in both groups, HR (68/min vs. 83/min) was significantly lower in the propofol group, and SpO2 (97.1 vs 97.4%) showed no significant difference (Table 3). Recovery from anaesthesia was slightly faster in the propofol group (following of simple orders 1.9 vs. 2.4 min, orientation with respect to person 2.4 vs. 3.4 min, orientation with respect to time and space 2.8 vs. 3.7 min), but differences failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS. When compared with isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia, moderation of the endocrine stress response was significantly improved during and after TIVA with propofol and fentanyl. Slightly shorter recovery times did not lead to an increased stress response. With respect to intra- and postoperative stress reduction, significant attenuation of sympatho-adrenergic reaction comparable SAP and reduced HR, sympatholytic and hypodynamic anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl seems to be advantageous for patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. For this aim, careful induction and application of individual doses is essential.
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