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  • Title: Multiple arterial occlusions and hypertension probably caused by an oral contraceptive: a patient in whom the development of renovascular hypertension has been followed.
    Author: Delin K, Aurell M, Claes G, Teger-Nilsson AC, Wallentin I.
    Journal: Clin Nephrol; 1976 Oct; 6(4):453-7. PubMed ID: 788979.
    Abstract:
    An 18-year-old woman taking an oral contraceptive was admitted to hospital because of a stroke due to occlusion of three branches of the right middle cerebral artery. She later developed renovascular hypertension due to occlusion of one of two renal arteries on the right side. Occlusion of the ceoliac artery was also found. The circumstances suggest that the occlusions were caused by multiple emboli, the source of which could not be identified. The kidney with the circulatory disturbance was shown to have a persistent abnormal renin secretion three and six months after the stroke, but the peripheral renin level was lower at the second investigation. Cardiac function studies revealed an alarming degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, and satisfactory blood pressure control could not be maintained despite increasing antihypertensive therapy. Surgical corrrction of the circulatory disturbance promptly led to normotension without drugs, and the patient has remained normotensive during the postoperative observation period of twelve months. The oral contraceptive was probably responsible for precipitating the vascular occlusions, but no predisposing factors or warning symptoms were present to identify this patient as being at risk. The case history of an 18-year-old patient, who had been taking oral contraceptives for 2 years (ethinylestradiol 50 mcg, megestrol acetate 4 mg) and who developed multiple arterial occlusions and hypertension, is reported. Occlusion of the ceoliac artery was also found. The circumstances suggest that the occlusions were caused by multiple emboli of unknown source. The affected kidney was shown to have an abnormal renin secretion 3 and 6 months after the stroke, but the peripheral renin level was lower at the 6 month investigation. A large degree of left ventricular hypertrophy was seen. Blood pressure was still uncontrolled despite antihypertensive therapy. Surgery was performed on the affected kidney and normal perfusion restored. The patient then became normotensive, and has remained so for a 12-month period. Oral contraceptives were probably responsible for precipitating the vascular occlusion. Predisposing factors or warning symptoms were absent in this patient.
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