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  • Title: Pre-treatment predictors of treatment outcome in panic disorder and agoraphobia treated with alprazolam and exposure.
    Author: Başoğlu M, Marks IM, Swinson RP, Noshirvani H, O'Sullivan G, Kuch K.
    Journal: J Affect Disord; 1994 Feb; 30(2):123-32. PubMed ID: 7911132.
    Abstract:
    Pre-treatment predictors of treatment outcome were examined in a group of 144 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia randomly allocated to alprazolam+exposure (AE), placebo+exposure (PE), alprazolam+relaxation (AR), and placebo+relaxation (PR). First-time psychotropic medication use, severity of agoraphobic disability, and longer duration of illness predicted less global improvement at post-treatment. Pre-treatment severity of agoraphobia predicted less improvement both in the short- and the long-term. Predictors of poorer outcome at 6-month follow-up were older age, past history of depression, severity of phobia targets, and longer duration of illness. Sex, source of referral, pre-treatment depression-anxiety-panic, and expectancy from treatment did not relate to outcome.
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