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  • Title: Peptides from pertussis toxin interfere with neutrophil adherence in vitro and counteract inflammation in vivo.
    Author: Sandros J, Rozdzinski E, Tuomanen E.
    Journal: Microb Pathog; 1994 Mar; 16(3):213-20. PubMed ID: 7916442.
    Abstract:
    Selectins on the surface of endothelial cells initiate leukocyte rolling along the capillary walls during inflammation. The amino acid sequence 19-52 of pertussis toxin subunit S3 is strikingly similar to the sequence 15-46 of the selectins. The S3 subunit inhibits the binding of neutrophils to selectin-coated surfaces and a peptide spanning the 28-45 sequence of S3 reduces leukocyte binding to endothelial cells in vitro and inhibits leukocyte recruitment to the subarachnoid space in vivo. To identify sequences within the 28-45 S3 peptide responsible for these activities, 27 peptides derived by successive truncation of amino acids from either the amino or the carboxyl terminus were tested for anti-inflammatory activity. Truncation at five residues ablated the ability to inhibit neutrophil adherence to endothelial monolayers: valine32, alanine33, arginine36, asparagine38, and threonine43. The most active peptides were either full-length molecules (28-44, 30-45) or short peptides from both ends of the full sequence (39-45, 40-45, 41-45, 28-32). Three peptides with the strongest ability to prevent neutrophil adherence in vitro (28-44, 30-45, 40-45) reduced the cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis in a pneumococcal meningitis model when administered intravenously. We conclude that peptides derived from a prokaryotic lectin have anti-inflammatory properties consistent with inhibition of selectin participation in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation.
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