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  • Title: Clozapine, negative symptoms, and extrapyramidal side effects.
    Author: Kane JM, Safferman AZ, Pollack S, Johns C, Szymanski S, Kronig M, Lieberman JA.
    Journal: J Clin Psychiatry; 1994 Sep; 55 Suppl B():74-7. PubMed ID: 7961579.
    Abstract:
    The importance of persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia as a limiting factor in psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation has been increasingly emphasized. As a result, treatment trials and new drug development programs are focusing more attention on negative symptoms. Unfortunately, there is enormous phenomenological overlap between negative symptoms and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. We report data from a cohort of 56 clozapine-treated patients demonstrating significant correlations between measures of akinesia and anergia. Despite an average drug washout of over 2 weeks, the persistence of drug-induced parkinsonism can confound the assessment of therapeutic drug effects on negative symptoms.
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