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  • Title: Pulmonary mycobacterial infections in AIDS: characteristic pattern of thallium and gallium scan mismatch.
    Author: Lee VW, Cooley TP, Fuller JD, Ward RJ, Farber HW.
    Journal: Radiology; 1994 Nov; 193(2):389-92. PubMed ID: 7972748.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic specificity of thallium and gallium scan mismatch as a sign of mycobacterial infection in immunodeficient patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thallium and gallium scans obtained in 56 immunodeficient patients between January 1989 and March 1994 were retrospectively reviewed, with special attention to the final diagnoses in all patients with thallium-gallium scan mismatch compared with those whose scans showed other scintigraphic patterns. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had focal gallium uptake, but no thallium uptake, in the mediastinum and hilar nodes (thallium-gallium mismatch). Twelve of the 14 had culture-proved mycobacterial infections; one had cryptococcal infection; and in one, the diagnosis was not established. Thirty-seven of the remaining 42 patients who had different scintigraphic patterns on thallium-gallium scans had other complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome such as Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and bacterial pneumonia. The diagnosis in five of the 42 patients was not known because follow-up data were incomplete. CONCLUSION: The thallium-gallium mismatch pattern in immunodeficient patients is specific for mycobacterial infection.
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