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  • Title: Clostridial neurotoxins as tools to investigate the molecular events of neurotransmitter release.
    Author: Schiavo G, Rossetto O, Montecucco C.
    Journal: Semin Cell Biol; 1994 Aug; 5(4):221-9. PubMed ID: 7994006.
    Abstract:
    The clostridial neurotoxins responsible for tetanus and botulism are eight different proteins, composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains. They bind specifically to the presynaptic membrane via the heavy chain, while the light chain enters the cytosol of the neurons, where it displays a zinc-endopeptidase activity directed to proteins of the neuroexocytosis apparatus. Tetanus neurotoxin and botulinum neurotoxin serotypes B, D, F and G cleave specifically and at single different peptide bonds VAMP/synaptobrevin, a component of small synaptic vesicles. In contrast, the other neurotoxins catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins of the presynaptic membrane. Serotypes A and E of botulinum neurotoxin cleave SNAP-25, at different sites located within the carboxyl-terminus, while the specific target of serotype C is syntaxin.
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