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  • Title: [Disorders of bladder emptying after labor. Study of 511 puerperal patients regarding the incidence and risk of residual urine post partum].
    Author: Wenderlein JM, Revermann S.
    Journal: Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol; 1994; 198(2):47-51. PubMed ID: 8023530.
    Abstract:
    In a Study of 500 unselected women in childbed interested the incidence and risk factors of residual urine over 50 ml (RH), sonographically proven in the first days after birth. The incidence after vaginal birth was 17% and after C-section 13%, 7% and 1% suffered from a urinary tract infection respectively. The RH-phenomenon lasted approximately 3 days. Significant risk factors have been: vaginal-operative deliveries (forceps, Vacuum-Extraction) protracted deliveries (over 12 hours) protracted expulsion period (over 1 hour) longer expulsive periods (over 15 minutes) newborn head-circumference over 36 cm I-Parae with episiotomy -PDA had only an additive effect. The shown quantitative aspects make it easier to evaluate the risk and the exact sonographic search for residual urine in the days pp.
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