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  • Title: Impact of nutrition education and medical supervision on pregnancy outcome.
    Author: Sachdeva R, Mann SK.
    Journal: Indian Pediatr; 1993 Nov; 30(11):1309-14. PubMed ID: 8039855.
    Abstract:
    Sixty Punjabi women from low and lower middle income groups were selected from eight villages of Ludhiana district. The supplements of iron, folic acid and calcium in the form of Folifer and Calcium Sandoz tablets were regularly supplied to experimental (E) group from second trimester onwards. A pamphlet about the diet during pregnancy was distributed to the E group along with four individual and three group contacts during the second half of pregnancy. The control (C) group was provided iron and folate supplements as per Government practice. Body height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUA) and skinfold thickness of the subjects were recorded. Weight gained during pregnancy and post partum weight were also recorded and body mass index was calculated. In addition, crown heel length (CHL), birth weight (BW), skinfold thickness, MUA, head circumference (HC), Chest circumference (CC) and ponderal index (PI) of the neonates were recorded within eight hours of their birth. The gain in weight during pregnancy was 6.30 and 5.7 kg in E and C groups respectively. The study revealed that BW, CHL, skinfold thickness and PI of the newborns were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in E group. The mean BW of newborns in E and C groups was 2700 g and 2300 g, respectively. Weight gained during pregnancy had significant (p < 0.05) correlation to MUA, BW and skinfold thickness of the newborn. The growth pattern and physical state of pregnant women are profoundly influenced by nutrition. With the intention of augmenting the nutritional status of pregnant women and neonates, the government of India provides medical supervision and Folifer tablets to pregnant women through subsidiary health centers during their last one hundred days of pregnancy. This approach, however, has failed to significantly influence program target indicators. The authors therefore investigated the effect of combined nutrition education, medical supervision, and nutrient supplementation on the anthropometry of rural pregnant women and their neonates. Sixty Punjabi women from low and lower-middle income groups were selected for the study from eight villages in Ludhiana district. There were thirty women in the experimental group and thirty controls. The average weights of women in the experimental and control groups during the first trimester were 48.4 kg and 46.5 kg, respectively. Women in the control group received iron and folate supplements as per government practice, while subjects in the experimental group received regular supplements of iron, folic acid, and calcium in the form of Folifer and Calcium Sandoz tablets from the second trimester onwards. Women in the experimental group also received a pamphlet on diet during pregnancy along with four individual and three group contacts during the second half of pregnancy. Researchers recorded subjects' body height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, skinfold thickness, weight gained during pregnancy and post partum weight. Subjects' body mass index was also calculated. Among the neonates, the crown heel length, birth weight, skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference, chest circumference, and ponderal index were recorded within eight hours of their birth. Weight gain during pregnancy was found to be 6.30 and 5.7 kilograms in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Birth weight, crown heel length, skinfold thickness, and ponderal index of the newborns were significantly higher among infants of mothers in the experimental group. Mean birth weight of newborns in the experimental and control groups was 2700 g and 2300 g, respectively, with weight gained during pregnancy significantly correlated with mid-upper arm circumference, birth weight, and skinfold thickness of the newborn.
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