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  • Title: In the eye of the beholder: Helmholtzian perception and the origins of Freud's 1900 theory of transference.
    Author: Makari GJ.
    Journal: J Am Psychoanal Assoc; 1994; 42(2):549-80. PubMed ID: 8040555.
    Abstract:
    Freud's 1900 theory of transference was indebted to the convergence of philosophy and physiology found in nineteenth-century theories of visual perception. The author maps out the post-Kantian philosophical and German physiological currents that gave rise to Hermann von Helmholtz's influential work on perception, and proposes that Freud's 1900 theory of transference was a creative synthesis of novel notions like unconscious wishing and psychic defense with a Helmholtzian model of visual illusion.
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