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  • Title: Relationship between osmoprotection and the structure and intracellular accumulation of betaines by Escherichia coli.
    Author: Peddie BA, Lever M, Hayman CM, Randall K, Chambers ST.
    Journal: FEMS Microbiol Lett; 1994 Jul 01; 120(1-2):125-31. PubMed ID: 8056284.
    Abstract:
    Naturally occurring betaines, especially glycine betaine and proline betaine, were accumulated by Escherichia coli from urine. In synthetic hyperosmotic medium, with an homologous series of added betaines, (CH3)3N(+)-(CH2)n-COO-, osmoprotective activity and intracellular accumulation decreased monotonically as n increased from 1 to 5. In contrast, alpha-substituted glycine betaines were accumulated in a similar manner to glycine betaine, but with different osmoprotective activities. Arsenobetaine, with a quaternary arsonium group, was also accumulated but amino acids which can become negatively charged in a chemically basic environment were not.
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