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  • Title: [Variables associated with breast-feeding patterns in Tijuana, Mexico].
    Author: Leyva-Pacheco R, Bacardi-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A.
    Journal: Salud Publica Mex; 1994; 36(2):161-7. PubMed ID: 8073332.
    Abstract:
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of feeding patterns among infants born in four community hospitals of the city of Tijuana, Mexico. From a total of 1964 live births, a random sample of 236 was chosen from the clinical files and distributed according to the total number of births in each hospital. 182 mothers from the original sample were contacted and accepted to participate in the study: 61 in the three-month group, 60 in the six-month group, and 61 in the twelve-month group. The most usual feeding patterns were: at three months of age, breast milk plus formula; at six months, formula plus other foods; and, at twelve months, fresh milk plus other foods. Three infants (1.65%) were never breastfed; at three months of age, 43 per cent of the infants were not receiving their mother's milk; and, at six months of age, 90 per cent were dependent on formula and other food only. Furthermore, 20.4 per cent of the infants were weaned before reaching their first month of age; 61.3 per cent between 30 and 119 days of age, 16.8 per cent between 120 and 209 days of age, and the rest after 209 days of age. It may be concluded that infants born in community hospitals in Tijuana show tendencies in feeding patterns similar to those of Mexican-American infants and those of urban regions in developing countries; that is, the substitution of breastfeeding for formula, and early weaning. A study of the prevalence of breast feeding and the variables associated with early weaning was conducted among infants born in four community hospitals in the city of Tijuana, Mexico. A random sample of 236 infants was selected from the 1964 live births in the four hospitals in proportion to the number of births at each hospital. 182 of the 236 mothers of selected infants were interviewed. 61 of the infants were three months old, 60 were six months old, and 61 were twelve months old at the time of the interview. 78% of the mothers were aged 20-29 years and 70% had 4 to 6 years of schooling. Three infants were never breast fed and none of the 182 was exclusively breast fed at the time of the interview. 19.8% of the total sample was exclusively breast fed for 1-30 days and 76.4% for 31-90 days. 20.4% were weaned at 1-30 days, 61.3% at 31-90 days, 16.8% at 91-180 days, and 1.5% at 180 or more days. The most common diets were breast milk and formula at three months, formula and other foods at six months, and fresh milk and other foods at twelve months. 26 of the 61 mothers interviewed at three months had weaned their infants, as had 54 of the 60 interviewed at six months and 60 of the 61 interviewed at one year. Only 35% of mothers who received nutritional advice in the hospital weaned their babies before 120 days, while 68% who did not receive advice weaned early. Significant differences were observed between mothers weaning or not weaning their infants by three months in nine study variables: maternal occupation, maternal smoking, employment during pregnancy, domestic help in the household, timing of the first breast feeding, advice outside the hospital, contraceptive method used, expenditures for powdered milk, and family income.
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