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  • Title: Percutaneous embolotherapy of adolescent varicocele: results and long-term follow-up.
    Author: Reyes BL, Trerotola SO, Venbrux AC, Savader SJ, Lund GB, Peppas DS, Mitchell SE, Gearhart JP, White RI, Osterman FA.
    Journal: J Vasc Interv Radiol; 1994; 5(1):131-4. PubMed ID: 8136590.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The authors evaluated the technical success and immediate and long-term results of percutaneous varicocele embolotherapy in the adolescent population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine adolescent patients were referred for outpatient spermatic venography and possible varicocele embolotherapy. Embolization was attempted with use of detachable balloons, coils, "sandwiched" dextrose, or a combination of these techniques. Data regarding follow-up were obtained through telephone interviews or mailed questionnaires. RESULTS: The technical success rate for spermatic vein occlusion was 90%. Follow-up, obtained in 79% of the patients, ranged from 6 months to 8.75 years (mean, 4 years). Thirty-nine of 42 patients (93%) reported disappearance (n = 31) or only a slight, asymptomatic residual varicocele (n = 8). Three patients reported a recurrence of their varicocele. Complications occurred in three of 59 cases (5%), none had any long-term sequelae. In six cases, embolization was not feasible because of multiple collateral vessels or venous spasm. CONCLUSIONS: Given the convenience of performing the procedure on an outpatient basis, the rapid recovery time, and long-term success and complication rates comparable to those with surgical ligation, we believe spermatic venography and percutaneous embolization is the treatment modality of choice for adolescent varicocele.
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