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  • Title: The fungicidal effect of human lactoferrin on Candida albicans and Candida krusei.
    Author: Nikawa H, Samaranayake LP, Tenovuo J, Pang KM, Hamada T.
    Journal: Arch Oral Biol; 1993 Dec; 38(12):1057-63. PubMed ID: 8141667.
    Abstract:
    Five oral isolates each of Candida albicans and Candida krusei were studied for their sensitivity to the fungicidal effect of human lactoferrin. Significant inter- and intraspecies variations were observed and with most isolates the sensitivity of C. krusei to lactoferrin was greater than that of C. albicans. Fungicidal activity of lactoferrin was dose-dependent and observable only with the iron-free form of the molecule (apo-lactoferrin). Iron-saturated lactoferrin was ineffective against all isolates. Supernatant protein assays and scanning electron microscopy indicated cell surface alterations--leakage of proteins and formation of surface blebs--only in those Candida isolates that were sensitive to apo-lactoferrin. As lactoferrin is a common, non-immune, mucosal defence protein, its varying mode of action against C. albicans and C. krusei may be related to their different oral carriage rates.
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