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  • Title: Botulinum toxin in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
    Author: Thompson AR.
    Journal: J Ark Med Soc; 1994 Jan; 90(8):383-5. PubMed ID: 8175618.
    Abstract:
    Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder that causes marked disability in the affected individual because of the severe disruption of normal communication that the disorder creates. Of the two distinct types, adductor and abductor SD, the adductor type is the most common and the most amenable to treatment. It is felt to be a neurological problem, but the specific lesion has not been found. The best treatment for adductor SD is injection of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid muscles of the larynx.
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