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  • Title: Salmonella typhimurium activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in chronically infected promonocytic cells by inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
    Author: Andreana A, Gollapudi S, Kim CH, Gupta S.
    Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 1994 May 30; 201(1):16-23. PubMed ID: 8198569.
    Abstract:
    The effect of phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) production was investigated using a chronically infected promonocytic cell line (U1) that contains HIV-1 provirus but produces little or no HIV-1. The phagocytosis of virulent S. typhimurium by U1 cells resulted in an increased HIV-1 expression as evidenced by significant increase in HIV-1 p24 antigen in culture supernatants. In contrast, heat-killed S. typhimurium failed to induce HIV-1 expression. In addition, phagocytosis of virulent S. typhimurium and not of heat-killed S. typhimurium resulted in a significant induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression and secretion of TNF-alpha by U1 cells. Furthermore, anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody inhibited S. typhimurium-induced HIV-1 p24 antigen production. These data suggest that S. typhimurium induces HIV-1 expression in U1 cells via production of TNF-alpha.
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