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  • Title: Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome as a function of beta-endorphin: two subtypes.
    Author: Giannini AJ, Melemis SM, Martin DM, Folts DJ.
    Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry; 1994 Mar; 18(2):321-7. PubMed ID: 8208981.
    Abstract:
    1. Forty six women presenting with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were studied. Ages ranged from 21 to 32. All women answered a questionnaire based on DSM-III-R criteria. They then had serum beta-endorphin levels drawn on day 1 and day 20 of their menstrual Cycle. 2. Beta-endorphin levels were compared with symptom presentation. Such symptoms as anxiety, food cravings and physical discomfort were associated with significant decline in beta-endorphin. Other symptoms were found equally distributed in both groups. The existence or absence of beta-endorphin decline in specific PMS subgroup was postulated.
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