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  • Title: Congenitally missing teeth: an alternative approach for space closure.
    Author: Kocaderelí I, Cĩger S.
    Journal: J Clin Pediatr Dent; 1993; 17(4):213-6. PubMed ID: 8217884.
    Abstract:
    While closing the large bilateral spaces caused by either the extraction of molar teeth or the congenitally absence of premolar in the lower arch, the important point is to move the teeth bodily and avoid tipping as much as possible. For this purpose an alternative orthodontic treatment approach can be the use of Lingual Functional Appliance which mesially moves the mandibular molar teeth bodily and also shortens the fixed orthodontic treatment time.
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