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  • Title: Urine production rate is related to behavioural states in the near term human fetus.
    Author: Oosterhof H, vd Stege JG, Lander M, Prechtl HF, Aarnoudse JG.
    Journal: Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 1993 Oct; 100(10):920-2. PubMed ID: 8217974.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) and behavioural states 1F and 2F (corresponding to quiet and active sleep, respectively) in normal near term fetuses. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: A clinic for antenatal care at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Nineteen healthy pregnant women examined at 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal behavioural states (1F and 2F) were assessed by means of fetal heart rate patterns (FHR A and FHR B). Using real time ultrasonography, HFUPR (ml/h) was estimated during behavioural states 1F and 2F. RESULTS: During behavioural state 1F, HFUPR was significantly higher than during state 2F (P < 0.01). HFUPR falls by 47% from 50.8 +/- 24.4 ml/h in state 1F to 25.7 +/- 15.0 ml/h in state 2F. CONCLUSIONS: During active sleep (state 2F) hourly fetal urine production rate is considerably reduced as compared to quiet sleep (state 1F).
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