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  • Title: The status of ethics education in obstetrics and gynecology.
    Author: Cain JM, Elkins T, Bernard PF.
    Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 1994 Feb; 83(2):315-20. PubMed ID: 8290202.
    Abstract:
    To establish the present status of ethics education in obstetrics and gynecology, 256 questionnaires were sent to residency (graduate) and student (undergraduate) education programs. One hundred ninety-eight questionnaires were returned. Fifteen programs offered no ethics education; 167 offered resident level courses; 123 offered undergraduate (student) level courses; and 84 offered postgraduate education. The median number of hours offered was 2 undergraduate, 4 graduate, and 2 postgraduate. The courses offered relied primarily on formal lecture presentation, even though this was not considered most effective by the respondents. Most institutions (85%) used more than one format to present ethics material. General ethics principles were covered in 78% of the reporting institutions. Where ethics case histories were used, they were rated higher in efficacy by the respondents. Only 15% of the reporting institutions had any means of measuring outcomes. The issues cited most frequently as critical in a curriculum were abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, issues surrounding care decisions at the end of life, and informed consent. The few hours dedicated to ethics were small relative to a long list of issues. Obstetric-gynecologic faculty with any training in medical ethics were uncommon (29%). The form of teaching, except in rare circumstances, seemed to lack structure or design and used few of the available reading materials. Recommendations from this survey include the development of a uniform national curriculum for undergraduate and graduate medical ethics, development of evaluation alternatives for ethics education, and encouragement and support for faculty development in medical ethics.
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