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  • Title: Bladder muscle contractility. Comparative effects and mechanisms of action of atropine, propantheline, flavoxate, and imipramine.
    Author: Benson GS, Sarshik SA, Raezer DM, Wein AJ.
    Journal: Urology; 1977 Jan; 9(1):31-5. PubMed ID: 831350.
    Abstract:
    The anticholinergic and antispasmodic activity of atropine, propantheline, imipramine, and flavoxate were judged by each drug's ability to inhibit bethanechol chloride and barium chloride-induced canine detrusor contractions. In this in vitro model, atropine and propantheline are pure anticholinergic agents. Imipramine significantly decreases both bethanechol and barium-induced contractions, while flavoxate only minimally inhibits the response to either stimulant.
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