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  • Title: Simultaneous determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine and codeine in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with combined ultraviolet and electrochemical detection.
    Author: Gerostamoulos J, Crump K, McIntyre IM, Drummer OH.
    Journal: J Chromatogr; 1993 Jul 23; 617(1):152-6. PubMed ID: 8376530.
    Abstract:
    A method is described for the simultaneous determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine and codeine in post-mortem urine specimens using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection. The limits of detection for a 1-ml urine sample were 0.04 mg/l for 6-MAM and 0.05 mg/l for both morphine and codeine. The presence of 6-MAM in urine indicates prior use of heroin and enables differentiation between morphine- and heroin-related deaths.
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