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  • Title: Congenital defects of lower limbs and associated malformations: a population based study.
    Author: Froster UG, Baird PA.
    Journal: Am J Med Genet; 1993 Jan 01; 45(1):60-4. PubMed ID: 8418662.
    Abstract:
    As part of a detailed study of limb defects and associated patterns of congenital malformations, cases with lower limb deficiencies were analysed separately. We identified a total of 130 cases with deficiencies of the lower limbs without defects of the upper limbs. This gives an incidence of 1.07/10,000 livebirths, or 1/9,337 for this group of limb defects. Most common were femur deficiencies and deficiencies of the foot. A preponderance of males was found in the group of transverse defects of the leg (fibula/tibia deficiencies) and central axis deficiencies, while females had significantly more often longitudinal tibia defects and preaxial ray defects.
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