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  • Title: Prevalence of Legionella species, serogroups, and monoclonal subgroups in hot water systems in south-eastern Germany.
    Author: Lück PC, Leupold I, Hlawitschka M, Helbig JH, Carmienke I, Jatzwauk L, Guderitz T.
    Journal: Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed; 1993 Feb; 193(5):450-60. PubMed ID: 8476497.
    Abstract:
    To study the contamination of hot water systems in south-eastern Germany 75 houses were selected and water samples were collected from peripheral hot water taps, shower heads and in a few cases from central water storage tanks. A total of 661 water samples were cultured. 186 (27.7%) were positive for legionellae. In 68% of hospitals, 50% of outpatients departments, 58% of dental offices, 85% of public buildings and 65% of private households in large buildings legionellae could be isolated. Most samples contained legionellae in the range of 1-100 colony forming units (cfu) per ml, the highest concentration was 4000 cfu/ml. Isolated strains were typed using absorbed rabbit sera prepared against the ATCC-type strains by the indirect immunofluorescence test. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, 2, 5, 6, and 10 strains were further subtyped using monoclonal antibodies. A total of 1548 colonies were serotyped. If the same species, serogroup and subtype in a given water system was considered to be the same strain, 77 different strains were isolated. 31 buildings contained one, 11 buildings two, 3 houses three and one building six different strains. 72 strains belonged to the species Legionella pneumophila and 5 strains were non-pneumophila species. Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 3, 6, and 10 were most frequently isolated with 22%, 14%, 16% and 18%, respectively. Among the serogroup 1 strains, the monoclonal subgroup Bellingham was the most commonly found.
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