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  • Title: Trends of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection in female prostitutes and males diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease in Djibouti, east Africa.
    Author: Rodier GR, Couzineau B, Gray GC, Omar CS, Fox E, Bouloumie J, Watts D.
    Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg; 1993 May; 48(5):682-6. PubMed ID: 8517486.
    Abstract:
    A cross-sectional serosurvey for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was conducted during the first quarter of 1991 among high risk groups in Djibouti, East Africa, and compared with previous surveys in 1987, 1988, and 1990. The survey demonstrated evidence of HIV-1 infection in 36.0% (n = 292) of street prostitutes, 15.3% (n = 360) of prostitutes working as bar hostesses, and 10.4% (n = 193) of males diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease. By multivariate modeling, HIV-1 seropositivity in prostitutes was associated with Ethiopian nationality, working as a street prostitute, and residing in Djibouti for two years or less. We suggest that prostitution, particularly street prostitution, is a major route of HIV-1 transmission in Djibouti. Findings from a cross-sectional serosurvey for HIV-1 conducted in 1991 are compared with data from previous surveys conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1990. This most recent study was conducted in the 1st quarter of 1991 among a total 845 individuals belonging to high-risk groups in Djibouti, East Africa. The 1987, 1988, and 1990 surveys respectively sampled 539, 582, and 402 subjects. Individuals were sampled consecutively as they visited the public sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic. HIV infection was found in 36.0% of 292 street prostitutes, 15.3% of 360 prostitutes working as bar hostesses, and 10.4% of 193 males diagnosed with a STD. The estimated 1500 women engaged in prostitution in the country with no legal occupation are considered to be street prostitutes. Multivariate modeling found HIV infection in prostitutes to be associated with Ethiopian nationality, working as a street prostitute, and residing in Djibouti for 2 years or less. The prevalence of HIV-1 among street prostitutes was markedly greater than the 4.6% in 1987, yet down from 41.7% in 1990. The authors note that street prostitution is a major route of HIV transmission in Djibouti.
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