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  • Title: Meloxicam: influence on arachidonic acid metabolism. Part 1. In vitro findings.
    Author: Engelhardt G, Bögel R, Schnitzer C, Utzmann R.
    Journal: Biochem Pharmacol; 1996 Jan 12; 51(1):21-8. PubMed ID: 8534264.
    Abstract:
    Meloxicam is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from enolic acid. Meloxicam has shown potent anti-inflammatory activity in animal models together with low gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Studies were undertaken to compare meloxicam to other NSAIDS in their ability to inhibit either constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) or inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2). COX-1 was isolated as a cell-free enzyme from bovine seminal vesicles or bovine brain or was present in nonstimulated macrophages derived from the guinea-pig peritoneum. COX-2 was induced in peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or isolated as a cell-free enzyme from sheep placenta. Of all NSAIDs tested, meloxicam was the most selective inhibitor of COX-2 in intact cells. In cell-free enzyme preparations, however, meloxicam showed the same activity against COX-1 and COX-2. All other NSAIDs tested were more potent inhibitors of COX-1 than of COX-2. The inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 has been implicated in the mediation of the inflammatory reaction, whereas the products of the constitutive cyclooxygenase COX-1 have cytoprotective effects in the gastric mucosa, support microcirculation in the kidney, and are antithrombogenic. Therefore, differential inhibitory effects of NSAIDs on COX-1 and COX-2 may have a bearing on the risk-benefit profile displayed in clinical practice. Meloxicam shows a preferential inhibitory effect on COX-2 over COX-1, which may be directly related to the favorable tolerability profile with potent anti-inflammatory effects observed in animal studies.
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