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  • Title: Auditory startle (audio-spinal) reaction in normal man: EMG responses and H reflex changes in antagonistic lower limb muscles.
    Author: Delwaide PJ, Schepens B.
    Journal: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol; 1995 Dec; 97(6):416-23. PubMed ID: 8536594.
    Abstract:
    The audiospinal reaction (ASR) to a 30 msec tone of 90 dB has been studied in 66 seated healthy volunteers. Electromyographic bursts induced in trapezius (Tra), soleus (Sol) and tibialis anterior (TA) have been looked for. Facilitation of Sol H reflex has been measured in 21 subjects in terms of delays from delivery of the sound. Among the subjects, 11 had a stable TA H reflex whose facilitation was compared to that of Sol H. Effects of selective isometric voluntary contraction of either Sol or TA were assessed both on EMG responses and H reflex facilitation. At rest, only 36% of subjects exhibited a response in Sol at a mean latency of 123 msec and 39% in TA at a latency of 119 msec. Responses were seen in antagonist muscles in 74% of subjects. Incidence in Tra was 96%. During voluntary contraction, the results were not significantly changed either in the contracted muscle or its antagonist. H reflex facilitation of both TA and Sol started 50 msec after the sound to peak after 75-125 msec and returned to baseline values after 250 msec. Extent of Sol H reflex facilitation remained similar during voluntary contraction of Sol and TA. It was observed that EMG responses were more frequent in subjects with brisk reflexes but not necessarily in those who exhibited the largest H reflex facilitation. The results are in agreement with assumptions that ASR is mediated through reticulo-spinal pathways but do not support the view that it corresponds to a flexor reaction. In addition to providing quantitative data for comparisons in pathological cases, they suggest differences in the mode of activation of motoneurones by the motor cortex and subcortical nuclei.
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