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  • Title: Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins in Scottish males: influences of smoking.
    Author: Ross MA, Crosley LK, Brown KM, Duthie SJ, Collins AC, Arthur JR, Duthie GG.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr; 1995 Nov; 49(11):861-5. PubMed ID: 8557024.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To quantify the major carotenoids in plasma of Scottish males and establish which were affected by habitual smoking. DESIGN: Concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin C and vitamin E (alpha and gamma-tocopherol) were determined in plasma samples from 50 fasted male smokers and 50 age-matched males who had never smoked (aged 50-59 years). RESULTS: Significantly less alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin and vitamin C in plasma of smokers than in never-smokers whereas concentrations of lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, phytofluene and vitamin E were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: Whether lower carotenoid and vitamin C concentrations in smokers than never-smokers reflect different dietary patterns or increased metabolic turnover is unclear but smokers may benefit from increased carotenoid and vitamin C intakes.
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