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  • Title: Alcohol and the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.
    Author: Briggs RL, Liebermann TR, Dyck WP.
    Journal: Postgrad Med; 1977 May; 61(5):176-9. PubMed ID: 857248.
    Abstract:
    Alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, stimulates acid secretion, and reduces the gastric mucosal barrier to hydrogen ion back-diffusion. These actions may result in esophagitis, acute gastritis, and ulcer formation. Although excessive alcohol consumption commonly produces acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pathogenesis is unclear.
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