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  • Title: The subxiphoid approach in the treatment of pericardial effusion.
    Author: Santos GH, Frater RW.
    Journal: Ann Thorac Surg; 1977 May; 23(5):467-70. PubMed ID: 857754.
    Abstract:
    Subxiphoid pericardiotomy for diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion is a safe procedure. Not only does it appear to be safer than aspiration, but it yields more information because of its ability to obtain pericardial tissue. The recurrence rate of pericardial effusion is lower using subxiphoid pericardiotomy. For these reasons it is the technique of choice for diagnosis and treatment of nontraumatic pericardial effusion.
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