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  • Title: Snake F(ab')2 antivenom from hyperimmunized horse: pharmacokinetics following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits.
    Author: Pepin S, Lutsch C, Grandgeorge M, Scherrmann JM.
    Journal: Pharm Res; 1995 Oct; 12(10):1470-3. PubMed ID: 8584483.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The pharmacokinetics of a currently available horse F(ab')2 antivenoms to Vipera aspis, V. ammodytes, and V. berus (Ipser Europe) and a new more purified and pasteurized preparation (SAV) was investigated in the rabbit. METHODS: An immunoradiometric assay using an affinity-purified goat IgG horse F(ab')2 specific and the same IgG labelled with iodine 125 as a tracer was developed. The limit of quantification in plasma was 0.032 microgram/ml. Specificity study showed that mouse F(ab')2 and Fab did not cross-react. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the plasma F(ab')2 concentration followed a biexponential decline after intravenous bolus administration with distribution and elimination half-lives of 2.66 +/- 0.18 hrs and 49.69 +/- 4.13 hrs, respectively. The total volume of distribution (Vdss or Vd beta) was between 209 and 265 ml.kg-1 and was similar to the volume of the extracellular fluid in the rabbit (300 ml.kg-1). Total body clearance ranged from 3.33 to 3.96 ml.h-1.kg-1. After intramuscular administration which was only investigated with SAV, Tmax was 48 hrs and the absolute bioavailability was 42%. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in pharmacokinetics was observed between the two antivenom preparations following the intravenous administration. In contrast, a reduced rate and extent of absorption was shown following intramuscular administration.
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