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  • Title: Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in acute care settings.
    Author: Owens DK, Nease RF, Harris RA.
    Journal: Arch Intern Med; 1996 Feb 26; 156(4):394-404. PubMed ID: 8607724.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Although screening inpatients for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acute care hospital settings has been recommended, the cost-effectiveness of screening is not known. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a voluntary screening program in acute care hospitals and associated clinics. RESULTS: During the first year, an HIV screening program implemented in acute care hospital settings in which the seroprevalence of HIV infection is 1% or more would result in the identification of approximately 110,000 undetected cases of HIV infection. The program would result in expenditures of approximately $171 million for testing and counseling, and expenditures of approximately $2 billion for incremental medical care for the patients identified as having HIV infection during the first year of screening. When the seroprevalence of HIV is 1%, the cost-effectiveness of screening is $47,200 per year of life saved. When the effect of early identification of HIV infection on the patient's quality of life also is considered, screening is less cost-effective. Screening-induced reductions in risk behavior improve the cost-effectiveness of screening by preventing the transmission of HIV.
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