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  • Title: Earthworm leukocytes that are not phagocytic and cross-react with several human epitopes can kill human tumor cell lines.
    Author: Cossarizza A, Cooper EL, Suzuki MM, Salvioli S, Capri M, Gri G, Quaglino D, Franceschi C.
    Journal: Exp Cell Res; 1996 Apr 10; 224(1):174-82. PubMed ID: 8612683.
    Abstract:
    Earthworm coelomocytes (leukocytes) effect cytotoxicity at significantly high levels against the NK-sensitive, human tumor cell line, K562, and the NK-resistant targets (U937, BSM, CEM). By cytofluorimetric analyses using mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies and by morphological evaluations, two types of coelomocytes were identified: (1) small (8-11 micron) electron-dense cells (SC): CD11a+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CDw49b+, CD54+, beta 2-m+ and Thy-1+; (2) large (12-15 micron) electron-lucent cells (LC) that are negative for these markers. Both cell types were negative for other CD and MHC class I and class II markers. SC were active during recognition, rapidly binding to targets; LC were phagocytic. Release of 51Cr revealed rapid, significant, and equal levels of killing at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, and 37 degrees C. We propose that primitive NK-like activity appeared early in evolution.
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