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  • Title: Gas mixing apparatus for determining cardiac output by CO2 rebreathing.
    Author: Bassett DR, Fitton TR.
    Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc; 1995 Dec; 27(12):1698-702. PubMed ID: 8614328.
    Abstract:
    The carbon dioxide rebreathing technique is widely used for determination of cardiac output during exercise. The equilibration method of Collier et at. (J. Appl. Physiol. 9:25, 1956) is generally preferred over the exponential method of Defares (J. Appl. Physiol. 13:159, 1968). However, the equilibration method requires the volume and initial CO2 percentage in the rebreathing bag to be adjusted according to the work rate. A device for mixing two gases (100% O2 and 20% CO2/80% O2) was constructed for this purpose. Multistage regulators are attached to the gas tanks and connected to a medical gas mixer via high-pressure air hoses. A variable time-delay switch causes a solenoid valve to open for 1.0-10s to deliver a predetermined gas volume. The device was found to accurately deliver a preset volume and concentration of gas to the rebreathing bag. A gas mixing apparatus simplifies the equilibration CO2 rebreathing technique by allowing the investigator to easily select the initial volume and percentage of CO2.
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