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  • Title: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal bladder and cloacal exstrophy by ultrasound. A report of three cases.
    Author: Pinette MG, Pan YQ, Pinette SG, Stubblefield PG, Blackstone J.
    Journal: J Reprod Med; 1996 Feb; 41(2):132-4. PubMed ID: 8656415.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Bladder and cloacal exstrophy can be diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound. CASES: Three cases of bladder and cloacal exstrophy were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and confirmed at birth. The ultrasound findings were a soft tissue mass in the lower abdominal wall (which appeared larger and more heterogeneous in cloacal exstrophy than in bladder exstrophy), absent bladder, malformation of the external genitalia and normal kidneys along with normal amniotic fluid volume. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of these defects will allow appropriate referrals prior to birth.
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