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  • Title: Microembolization from atheroembolic disease or aneurysm. A case study.
    Author: Caldwell BD, Marrochello VS.
    Journal: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc; 1996 Jun; 86(6):249-52. PubMed ID: 8699345.
    Abstract:
    Cyanosis of the digits may have several etiologies ranging from trauma to connective tissue disease; however, the most common cause of the so-called blue toe syndrome is atheroembolic disease or aneurysm and is frequently misdiagnosed on initial presentation. Pedal pulses are often palpable which may misdirect the physician from a diagnosis of vascular pathology. Furthermore, the proximal source of embolic shower may be far from the sight of symptoms. Noninvasive vascular testing, peripheral angiography, abdominal and popliteal ultrasonography, and echocardiography are all techniques that may be beneficial in discovering the origin of emboli. Atheroembolisms and aneurysms can be limb-threatening or life-threatening and hence early diagnosis is imperative.
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