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  • Title: Enhancement of barium- and cesium-induced adrenal catecholamine release by lidocaine.
    Author: Borowitz JL, Shanbaky I.
    Journal: Experientia; 1977 Apr 15; 33(4):495-6. PubMed ID: 871317.
    Abstract:
    Catecholamine release evoked from isolated perfused bovine adrenals by Ba+2 or Cs+ is enhanced by lidocaine or by a calcium-free medium. The action of Cs+ therefore differs from that of K+ or Rb+ in adrenal medulla. Divalent and monovalent metallic cations of relatively large atomic weight like Ba+2 and Cs+, probably penetrate the cell more easily than small highly charged ions and act intracellularly to cause adrenal catecholamine release. Local anesthetics and calcium-free media may allow greater influx of Ba+2 and Cs+ into adrenomedullary cells.
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