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  • Title: Downhill varices: report of a case 29 years after resection of a substernal thyroid gland.
    Author: Sorokin JJ, Levine SM, Moss EG, Biddle CM.
    Journal: Gastroenterology; 1977 Aug; 73(2):345-8. PubMed ID: 873136.
    Abstract:
    A case of varices of the entire esophagus in a patient who had undergone resection of a substernal thyroid gland 29 years previously is reported. Dilated esophageal veins, varices, may serve as collateral channels between the portal and systemic systems. When the superior vena cava is obstructed, blood from the upper extremities and head is returned to the heart via downhill varices. Obstruction of the superior vena cava proximal to the azygos vein results in varices of the upper esophagus. Obstruction distal to the asygos vein, as in this patient, results in varices of the entire esophagus. Portacaval shunt has no place in the management of these patients. Downhill varices should be considered in any patient with superior vena caval obstruction from any cause.
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