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  • Title: A novel population of CD4+CD56+ myelin-reactive T cells lyses target cells expressing CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule.
    Author: Vergelli M, Le H, van Noort JM, Dhib-Jalbut S, McFarland H, Martin R.
    Journal: J Immunol; 1996 Jul 15; 157(2):679-88. PubMed ID: 8752917.
    Abstract:
    CD56 is a member of the neural cell adhesion molecule family expressed on cells of the central nervous system and also on NK cells. Previous studies suggest the involvement of CD56 in effector-to-target cell conjugation mediated by NK cells. It was shown recently that CD56 is also expressed by subpopulations of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The present study describes the functional characteristics of CD4+CD56+ T cell lines established from blood of multiple sclerosis patients by stimulation with myelin basic protein (MBP). CD4+CD56+, MBP-specific T cell lines were able to lyse MBP-pulsed target cells in an HLA class II-restricted fashion. At the same time, they mediated MHC-unrestricted lysis of CD56+ target cells such as CD56+ lymphoid or glial tumor cells, but not of the typical NK target, K562. A number of experimental results including separation of CD4+CD56+ T cells into CD56 high and low expressing populations, cold target inhibition, as well as killing of CD56-transfected cells indicate that homotypic CD56 interactions are involved in the MHC-unrestricted lysis. CD56 interactions are not sufficient but are required for effector/target interaction. Our findings raise the possibility that CD4+CD56+ T cells sharing properties of both typical Ag-specific Th0-like T cells and NK cells might be involved in damage of tissues expressing CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule, such as the central nervous system. Thus, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism that could lead to organ-specific autoreactivity.
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