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  • Title: Treatment of high-flow vascular malformations by venous embolization aided by flow occlusion techniques.
    Author: Jackson JE, Mansfield AO, Allison DJ.
    Journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol; 1996; 19(5):323-8. PubMed ID: 8781152.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: Transvenous embolization techniques may be helpful as alternatives to the arterial route when treating high-flow vascular malformations. We present our experience using these techniques in four patients. METHODS: In one patient the venous portion of the arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was punctured directly; in the other three patients it was catheterized via a retrograde venous approach. Flow occlusion techniques were utilized in all patients during embolization, which was performed with absolute alcohol or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. RESULTS: Excellent clinical and angiographic results were obtained, with obliteration of arteriovenous shunting in all patients. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: The embolization of certain AVMs using a venous approach is a safe and effective treatment.
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