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  • Title: Plasma observations at Io with the Galileo spacecraft.
    Author: Frank LA, Paterson WR, Ackerson KL, Vasyliunas VM, Coroniti FV, Bolton SJ.
    Journal: Science; 1996 Oct 18; 274(5286):394-5. PubMed ID: 8832882.
    Abstract:
    Plasma measurements made during the flyby of Io on 7 December 1995 with the Galileo spacecraft plasma analyzers reveal that the spacecraft unexpectedly passed directly through the ionosphere of Io. The ionosphere is identified by a dense plasma that is at rest with respect to Io. This plasma is cool relative to those encountered outside the ionosphere. The composition of the ionospheric plasmas includes O++, O+ and S++, S+, and SO2+ ions. The plasma conditions at Io appear to account for the decrease in the magnetic field, without the need to assume that Io has a magnetized interior.
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