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  • Title: [Status and developmental trends of immunologic contraceptive technics].
    Author: Donat H.
    Journal: Zentralbl Gynakol; 1979; 101(7):433-41. PubMed ID: 88854.
    Abstract:
    The development of contraceptive vaccines is matter of international research. Among antigens possible unique to the reproductive process, sperm antigens, antigens of seminal plasma and of the ovum, antigens of placental hormones and of placenta specific proteins appear suitable targets of the production of fertility regulating vaccines. High specifity of these vaccines can prevent cross reaction with other body cells. An overview of immunological contraceptive methods is presented. The most important factors to be considered in developing sperm antigens are specificity in identifying and isolating the antigens and characterizing the resulting immune reactions carefully. Induced autoimmunorchiditis has been tested as a method of contraception with varied results. The resulting destruction of the gonadal tissues occurs without hormonal depression and is reversible. Sperm antibodies have been produced in females by injections of human sperm with varying degrees of effectiveness. Antisperm enzyme isoimmunization in the female inhibits penetration of the sperm or disturbs embryonic development by damaging the sperm. Seminal plasma antigens show less promise for use as contraceptives. Antibodies against spermatozoa may be induced locally with immunoglobulins. Antigens to the zona pellucida are in evidence in every stage of ovulation until the zona is shed. Antibodies to the zona pellucida hinder penetration and implantation of the sperm. The hormones HCS and HCG, which are produced by the placenta, may have contraceptive usefulness. Placental protein antigens must be available in sufficient quantities and must inhibit or interrupt implantation at a very early stage with few side effects. The most common side effect of immunological contraceptive methods is cross-reactive autoimmunity.
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