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  • Title: Oklahoma City bombing: exacerbation of symptoms in veterans with PTSD.
    Author: Moyers F.
    Journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs; 1996 Feb; 10(1):55-9. PubMed ID: 8904036.
    Abstract:
    Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops following exposure to an extremely traumatic stressor and consists of reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Exposure to stimuli reminiscent of the original trauma often causes an exacerbation of symptoms. Models attempting to explain this phenomenon include classical conditioning, emotional network imagery, and memory consolidation. The recent bombing in Oklahoma City caused an exacerbation of symptoms in veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and Vietnam, ranging from images of combat to memories of being called "baby-killer." These various responses to identical stimuli might help to explain the importance of attached meaning to traumatic events.
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