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  • Title: Concanavalin-A-induced open neural tube defects in chick embryos.
    Author: Inagaki T, Wang KC, Higbee RG, Mclone DG, Knepper PA.
    Journal: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo); 1996 Oct; 36(10):691-6; discussion 696-7. PubMed ID: 8937089.
    Abstract:
    Open neural tube defects developed in 12 of 122 alive chick embryos treated with exogenous lectin (concanavalin-A) at stages between 10 or 14 as defined by Hamburger and Hamilton. Embryos treated at stage 10, the time of anterior neuropore closure, developed exencephaly or extensive neural openings from the level of rhombencephalon to the thoracic spinal cord, while embryos treated at stages between 11 and 14, at posterior neuropore closure, developed only small myeloschisis in the thoracolumbar region. The failure of neural tube closure at a critical time is a major cause of neural tube defects.
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