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  • Title: Approaching a 100% success rate using topical anesthesia with mild intravenous sedation in phacoemulsification procedures.
    Author: Dinsmore SC.
    Journal: Ophthalmic Surg Lasers; 1996 Nov; 27(11):935-8. PubMed ID: 8938802.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phacoemulsification with topical anesthesia has been accepted by some ophthalmologists as a minimally invasive alternative technique for cataract surgery. This study approaches a 100% success rate using topical anesthesia with mild intravenous (i.v.) sedation in phacoemulsification procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive patients underwent clear-corneal phacoemulsification. Patients were not preselected. Lidocaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia was supplemented with small-dose i.v. midazolam hydrochloride and/or fentanyl citrate. Patients underwent meticulous preoperative counseling. Those with dementia, deafness, movement disorders, or hyperanxiety, or those who spoke a foreign language or who were young required special management. Additional techniques were employed for ophthalmologic problems such as small pupil, mature cataract, and strong blink/Bell's phenomenon. Patient comfort was noted intraoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of the patients did well, with only 3% requiring regional block or general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Using nucleofractis phacoemulsification with special techniques in more difficult situations, most patients were successful with topical anesthesia plus i.v. sedative anesthesia.
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