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  • Title: Excitatory effects of cholinergic, adrenergic and glutaminergic agonists on a buccal muscle of Aplysia.
    Author: Taraskevich PS, Gibbs D, Schmued L, Orkand RK.
    Journal: J Neurobiol; 1977 Jul; 8(4):325-35. PubMed ID: 894275.
    Abstract:
    The anterior extrinsic protractors in the buccal mass of Aplysia are symmetrical sheets of branching bundles of muscle fibers which form an electrical syncytium. The addition of potassium or cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutaminergic agonists to the sea water bathing medium produces contracture of the muscle. Strychnine and cholinergic or adrenergic antagonists all block contractures produced by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists but not those produced by potassium or glutamate. Iontophoretic application through microelectrodes of acetylcholine or dopamine anywhere on the muscle surface produced a graded depolarization of the membrane. By contrast, glutamate produces depolarization only at discrete membrane sites. Endogeneous contractions often appeared spontaneously or could be induced by drug exposure. ATP inhibits endogeneous contractions.
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