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  • Title: Appearance of the capillary endothelial glycocalyx in chronically stimulated rat skeletal muscles in relation to angiogenesis.
    Author: Brown MD, Egginton S, Hudlicka O, Zhou AL.
    Journal: Exp Physiol; 1996 Nov; 81(6):1043-6. PubMed ID: 8960710.
    Abstract:
    The endothelial glycocalyx layer of capillaries was stained with Ruthenium Red and examined by transmission electron microscopy in rat extensor hallucis proprius muscles after 2 or 4 days of indirect electrical stimulation via implanted electrodes. The layer appeared continuous on the luminal surface of 63% capillaries in control muscles and absent 13%. This situation was reversed in muscles stimulated for 2 or 4 days, with a continuous layer in 12 and 10% of capillaries and no glycocalyx in 44 and 58%, respectively. The greater disruption of the endothelial luminal glycocalyx in capillaries from stimulated muscles suggests that flow-related shear forces on endothelial cells could be important signals for initiation of angiogenesis in actively contracting skeletal muscle.
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